Cov pob zeb diamond polycrystalline compact (PDC) thiab PDC drill bits tau qhia rau hauv kev ua lag luam tau ntau xyoo lawm. Thaum lub sijhawm ntev no PDC cutter thiab PDC drill bit tau ntsib ntau yam teeb meem thaum ntxov, kuj tau ntsib kev txhim kho zoo heev. Maj mam tab sis thaum kawg, PDC bits maj mam hloov cov cone bits nrog kev txhim kho tas mus li hauv PDC cutter, bit stability, thiab bit hydraulic qauv. PDC bits tam sim no nyob ntau dua 90% ntawm tag nrho cov drilling footage hauv ntiaj teb.
PDC Cutter tau tsim thawj zaug los ntawm General Electric (GE) hauv xyoo 1971. Thawj PDC Cutters rau kev lag luam roj thiab roj av tau ua tiav hauv xyoo 1973 thiab nrog 3 xyoos ntawm kev sim thiab kev sim hauv thaj chaw, nws tau qhia txog kev lag luam hauv xyoo 1976 tom qab nws tau ua pov thawj tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua li kev tsoo cov haujlwm ntawm cov pob khawm carbide.
Thaum ub, cov qauv ntawm lub tshuab txiav PDC yog zoo li no: lub hau carbide puag ncig, (txoj kab uas hla 8.38mm, tuab 2.8mm), thiab txheej pob zeb diamond (tuab 0.5mm yam tsis muaj chamfer ntawm qhov chaw). Lub sijhawm ntawd, kuj tseem muaj lub tshuab txiav PDC Compax "slug system". Cov qauv ntawm lub tshuab txiav no yog zoo li no: PDC compax txuas rau lub cemented carbide slug kom nws yooj yim dua rau kev teeb tsa ntawm lub cev hlau, yog li coj kev yooj yim dua rau tus tsim lub tshuab txiav.
Xyoo 1973, GE tau sim nws cov ntsis PDC thaum ntxov hauv ib lub qhov dej hauv thaj tsam King Ranch ntawm sab qab teb Texas. Thaum lub sijhawm sim drilling, qhov teeb meem ntxuav ntawm cov ntsis tau suav tias muaj. Peb cov hniav tsis ua haujlwm ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke, thiab ob lub hniav lwm tus tawg ua ke nrog qhov tungsten carbide. Tom qab ntawd, lub tuam txhab tau sim lub ntsis tho qhov thib ob hauv thaj tsam Hudson ntawm Colorado. Lub ntsis tho qhov no tau txhim kho cov qauv hydraulic rau qhov teeb meem ntxuav. Lub ntsis tau ua tiav kev ua tau zoo dua hauv cov qauv sandstone-shale nrog qhov ceev drilling ceev. Tab sis muaj ntau qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm txoj kev npaj borehole thaum lub sijhawm drilling, thiab me ntsis ntawm PDC cutters poob tseem tshwm sim vim yog qhov kev sib txuas brazing.
Thaum Lub Plaub Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1974, tau sim siv lub laum thib peb hauv thaj tsam San Juan ntawm Utah, Tebchaws Meskas. Lub laum no tau txhim kho cov qauv hniav thiab cov duab ntawm laum. Lub laum no tau hloov cov laum hlau uas nyob hauv lub qhov dej uas nyob ib sab, tab sis lub nozzle poob thiab lub laum puas lawm. Lub sijhawm ntawd, nws tau suav tias tshwm sim ze rau thaum kawg ntawm kev laum rau qhov nyuaj, lossis teeb meem uas tshwm sim los ntawm lub nozzle poob.
Txij xyoo 1974 txog 1976, ntau lub tuam txhab laum thiab cov neeg ua lag luam tau soj ntsuam ntau yam kev txhim kho hauv PDC cutter. Ntau yam teeb meem uas twb muaj lawm tau tsom mus rau kev tshawb fawb. Cov txiaj ntsig tshawb fawb no tau koom ua ke rau hauv Stratapax PDC hniav, uas GE tau tsim tawm thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1976.
Kev hloov lub npe los ntawm Compax mus rau Stratapax tau pab tshem tawm qhov kev tsis meej pem hauv kev lag luam ntawm cov ntsis nrog tungsten carbide compacts, thiab pob zeb diamond Compax.
Nyob rau nruab nrab xyoo 90, tib neeg pib siv cov thev naus laus zis chamfering rau ntawm PDC txiav cov hniav, cov thev naus laus zis ntau-chamfer tau txais yuav los ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj hauv xyoo 1995. Yog tias cov thev naus laus zis chamfering raug siv kom raug, qhov kev tiv thaiv tawg ntawm PDC txiav cov hniav tuaj yeem nce ntxiv 100%.
Xyoo 1980, ob lub tuam txhab GE (Tebchaws Meskas) thiab Sumitomo Company (Nyiv Pooj) tau kawm txog kev tshem tawm cov cobalt ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm ntawm PDC cov hniav kom txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hniav. Tab sis lawv tsis tau ua tiav kev lag luam. Ib qho thev naus laus zis tau rov tsim dua thiab tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj los ntawm Hycalog (Tebchaws Meskas) tom qab ntawd. Nws tau ua pov thawj tias yog tias cov khoom siv hlau tuaj yeem tshem tawm ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov noob, qhov ruaj khov thermal ntawm PDC cov hniav yuav raug txhim kho zoo heev kom lub ntsis tuaj yeem tho qhov zoo dua hauv cov qauv nyuaj thiab ntau dua abrasive. Cov thev naus laus zis tshem tawm cobalt no txhim kho qhov kev tiv thaiv hnav ntawm PDC cov hniav hauv cov qauv pob zeb tawv heev thiab nthuav dav ntxiv rau ntau yam kev siv ntawm PDC bits.
Txij li xyoo 2000, kev siv cov khoom siv PDC tau nthuav dav sai heev. Cov qauv uas tsis tuaj yeem tho nrog cov khoom siv PDC tau maj mam tuaj yeem tho tau yooj yim thiab txhim khu kev qha nrog cov khoom siv PDC.
Txij li xyoo 2004, hauv kev lag luam laum, cov nyiaj tau los ntawm kev lag luam ntawm PDC laum ntsis siv li ntawm 50%, thiab qhov deb ntawm kev laum tau txog ze li ntawm 60%. Qhov kev loj hlob no txuas ntxiv mus txog niaj hnub no. Yuav luag txhua yam siv tam sim no hauv North American drilling daim ntawv thov yog PDC laum ntsis.
Hauv ntej, txij li thaum nws tau tsim tawm hauv xyoo 70s thiab tau ntsib nws txoj kev loj hlob qeeb thaum pib, PDC cutters tau maj mam txhawb nqa kev txhim kho tas mus li ntawm kev lag luam laum me ntsis rau kev tshawb nrhiav roj thiab roj av thiab kev khawb av. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm PDC thev naus laus zis rau kev lag luam drilling yog loj heev.
Cov neeg nkag tshiab hauv kev ua lag luam ntawm cov hniav txiav PDC zoo, nrog rau cov tuam txhab laum loj, txuas ntxiv ua tus thawj coj hauv kev hloov pauv thiab kev tsim kho tshiab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshiab thiab cov txheej txheem tsim khoom kom kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov hniav txiav PDC thiab cov khoom siv laum PDC tuaj yeem txhim kho tas li.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Plaub Hlis-07-2023